When people think about low iron, they usually think about feeling tired or weak. But iron also plays an important role in how the brain works, which means low iron levels can sometimes affect how we think, feel, and cope from day to day. This doesn’t mean that iron deficiency causes mental health conditions. However, when iron levels are low, the brain may not function as efficiently, and this can make emotional challenges feel harder to manage.
Why iron matters for the brain
Iron helps the body make haemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood. The brain uses a lot of oxygen to function well. When oxygen delivery is reduced, the brain may struggle to work at its best. Iron is also involved in processes that support:
- Energy levels
- Concentration and focus
- Mental clarity
- Emotional resilience
Research shows that iron deficiency during pregnancy, infancy, or early childhood can affect brain development in lasting ways, even after iron levels are corrected. These early shortages may lead to long-term changes in memory, learning, behaviour, and emotional regulation later in life. What’s more, patients with underlying iron deficiency are more predisposed to developing psychiatric disorders like anxiety and depression.
How low iron can feel mentally
People with iron deficiency sometimes describe symptoms such as:
- Brain fog or difficulty concentrating
- Feeling mentally tired or flat
- Low motivation
- Irritability
- Feeling overwhelmed by everyday tasks
- Reduced ability to cope with stress
Who may be at higher risk
Iron deficiency is common worldwide, but is especially common in:
- Women of childbearing age
- People with heavy menstrual bleeding
- Pregnant or postpartum women
- People with limited access to iron-rich foods
- Those with chronic infections or repeated illness
If low mood, poor focus, or mental fatigue persist, especially alongside tiredness, dizziness, or frequent headaches, it may be worth checking your iron levels and getting treatment if needed.
References
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10595923/#
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4253901/#
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3266848/#
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22824-iron-deficiency-anemia
